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How does Mobile phone work

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  A mobile phone is a part of our life.   But I'm sure you're curious minds have always been struck by such questions as how a mobile phone makes a call, and why there are different generations of mobile communications?   Let's explore the technology behind mobile communications. When you speak on your phone, your voice is picked up by your phone's microphone. The microphone turns your voice into a digital signal with the help of MEMS sensor and IC. The digital signal contains your voice in the form of zeros and ones. An antenna inside the phone receives these zeros and ones and transmits them in the form of electromagnetic waves.   Electromagnetic waves transmit the zeros and ones by altering the wave characteristics, such as the amplitude, frequency, phase, or combinations of these.   For example, in the case of frequency, zero and one are transmitted by using low and high frequencies respectively. So, if you could find a wa...
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سوئچ کے بطور بائپولر ٹرانسلیٹر THE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH

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 THE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH The major application area is switching applications.  When used as an electronic switch, a transistor normally is operated alternately in cutoff and saturation.  In part  (a), the transistor is cut off because the base-emitter junction is not forward biased. In this condition, there is ideally, open between collector and emitter.  In part  (b), the transistor is saturated because the base-emitter junction is forward biased and the base current is large enough to cause the collector current to reach its saturated value. In this condition, there is, ideally, a short between collector and emitter.  Actually, a voltage drop of a few tenths of a volt normally occurs. سوئچ کے بطور بائپولر ٹرانسلیٹر ایپلیکیشن کا اہم علاقہ ایپلی کیشنز کو تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ جب الیکٹرانک سوئچ کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا ہے تو ، عام طور پر ایک ٹرانجسٹر باری باری کٹ آف اور سنترپتی میں چلتا ہے۔ حصے میں (a) ، ٹرانجسٹر منقطع ہوگیا ہے کیونکہ بیس امیٹر ...
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BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

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  The bipolar junction transistor is constructed with three-doped semiconductor regions separated by two PN junctions.  The three regions are called  a.      Emitter b.      Base c.      Collector.  The two types of bipolar transistors are  (a). One type consists of two N-regions separated by a P-region (NPN),  and the other consists of two P-regions separated by an N-region (PNP).  The PN junction joining the base region and the emitter region is called the base-emitter junction.  The junction joining the base region and the collector region is called the base-collector region. A wire lead connects to each of the three regions.  These leads are labeled E, B, and C for the emitter, base, and collector, respectively. The base material is lightly doped and very narrow compared to the heavily doped emitter and collector materials.  the schematic symbols for the NPN and PNP bipolar transistors. Th...
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